Greening the Workforce: A Sustainable Human Resources Framework for SMEs through AI and Agile Methodologies

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) collectively have a significant environmental impact. Green human resource management (GHRM) can help them address this, but implementation challenges hinder sustainable continuity. This research proposes a theoretical business model to help SMEs adapt, meet sustainable goals, and build a resilient ecosystem. The study analyzed 368 Scopus-indexed papers using R-based Bibliometrix, Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, and R Studio. Findings reveal several foundational factors for the new model, including the necessity of green competencies (both natural and acquired) and green motivation. These elements contribute to green organizational citizenship behavior (GOCB), which is crucial for SMEs to adopt GHRM practices. Ultimately, these factors operate under the principles of environmental management, which drive businesses to enhance their environmental performance.