Unpacking the Environmental Costs of E-Commerce: A System Dynamics Analysis of CO2 Emissions in India

The exponential growth of e-commerce has brought convenience and value-added services, but it has also led to a surge in CO2 emissions. A study using a system dynamics approach was conducted to investigate the impact of e-commerce on CO2 emissions in India. The study employed a rigorous methodology comprising a literature review, discussion with experts, and developing a conceptual causal-effect framework covering numerous exogenous variables and their feedback effects. Overall, the study reveals that e-commerce operates within a complex system of interdependent factors, and it is essential to consider these factors and their feedback effects when developing strategies to promote sustainable growth.