Artificial Intelligence in Indian- Higher Education in the 21st Century

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology reshaping higher education system across the world. In India, the application of AI has gained policy-level recognition through initiatives such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, Digital India, and NITI Aayog’s AI for All strategy. In this junction, the role of Artificial Intelligence in Indian higher education in the 21st century, focusing on its scope, applications, challenges, and implications. The study is based on secondary data drawn from government policy documents, academic literature, and institutional reports. The paper highlights how AI supports personalized learning, digital assessment, student analytics, and administrative efficiency while also identifying critical challenges such as digital divide, faculty preparedness, ethical concerns, and uneven infrastructure. Consequently, AI should function as a supportive tool that enhances human intelligence rather than replacing educators. In addition, responsible, inclusive, and policy-guided integration of AI is essential for strengthening quality, equity, and governance in Indian higher education.