Integrated Credit Risk Management: A Cross-Industry Analysis of Governance Frameworks in Manufacturing, Distribution and Service Sectors

Abstract

This study examines integrated credit risk management across manufacturing, distribution, and service sectors to understand how governance frameworks, technological capabilities, and operational structures shape organisational resilience. Using secondary research drawn from journal articles, industry reports, and sectoral data published between 2015 and 2024, the study identifies key differences in credit risk exposure, monitoring practices, and governance maturity. The findings reveal that manufacturing firms rely heavily on structured policies but lag in real-time analytics, distribution firms face elevated risk due to dual credit roles and high transaction velocity, and service firms lead in digital monitoring and behavioural analytics. Cross-industry comparison highlights the need for integrated governance mechanisms that combine robust oversight with data-driven decision-making. The study contributes to improving theoretical understanding and practical application by demonstrating that credit risk is a multidimensional organisational concern requiring continuous adaptation.