State Policies and the Socio-Economic Transformation of Artisans in Telangana: A Ground-Level Analysis

Telangana; artisan communities; caste and livelihood; rural development; welfare policy; social capital; gender exclusion; developmental state; Nalgonda district; informal economy

This paper examines the socio-economic transformation of traditional artisan communities in Nalgonda district, Telangana, following the state’s formation in 2014. While Telangana’s political leadership has introduced targeted welfare schemes to support backward castes and traditional occupations, the actual impact of these policies on ground-level livelihoods remains underexplored. Based on mixed-methods fieldwork—including household surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions—the study investigates how caste, gender, and social capital shape artisans’ access to state resources and markets. The analysis is framed through developmental state and social capital theories to understand both policy design and community-level dynamics. Findings reveal significant gaps between policy intent and implementation. Dominant artisan castes benefit disproportionately due to stronger organizational networks, while smaller and weaker caste groups remain excluded. Gender-based disparities further marginalize women artisans from schemes, cooperatives, and training programs. Despite these challenges, some communities exhibit resilience through informal networks and NGO collaborations. The paper concludes with ten policy recommendations aimed at creating an integrated, inclusive, and future-oriented artisan development strategy. It contributes to debates on subnational governance, caste-based welfare, and inclusive rural development in post-statehood Telangana