Algorithmic Literacy as Access to Justice: Developing Training Frameworks for Defense Lawyers in AI-Augmented Criminal Proceedings

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence into criminal justice systems globally presents unprecedented challenges to fundamental due process rights, particularly for defense attorneys who must contest algorithmic evidence of increasing complexity. This paper examines algorithmic literacy the capacity to understand, evaluate, and challenge AI systems as a critical access-to-justice issue. Drawing on comparative analysis of developments in India, the European Union, and the United States, this research identifies core competencies required for defense lawyers and proposes a structured training framework grounded in competency-based education theory. The paper argues that algorithmic literacy is a constitutional imperative, necessitating systemic reform in legal education, professional standards, and procedural safeguards. Without equitable training access, the disparity between well-resourced prosecution teams and under-resourced public defense will fundamentally undermine the right to a fair trial.