Role of Trade Facilitation and Connectivity in Strengthening India–North Africa Economic Ties

Abstract

Despite historical links and geographical proximity, the economic relationship between India and North Africa remains below its potential, hampered by logistical inefficiencies, regulatory barriers, and underdeveloped connectivity. This paper investigates the critical role of trade facilitation and multi-modal connectivity—specifically maritime routes, logistics infrastructure, and digital trade systems—as key enablers for strengthening these economic ties. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative trade flow analysis with qualitative case studies of key ports and policy frameworks, the study finds that targeted improvements in port efficiency, hinterland connectivity, and digital single windows can significantly reduce trade costs and time. While maritime routes form the trade backbone, their potential is limited by transshipment dependencies, and digital trade remains a high-growth, underutilized opportunity. The paper concludes that a synergistic strategy integrating hard infrastructure with soft digital and regulatory systems is imperative, and it provides corresponding policy recommendations for governments and strategic insights for businesses seeking to leverage emerging opportunities in the India–North Africa corridor.