Funding Justice: Analyzing The Financial Challenges And Funding Dependencies Of The International Criminal Court

Abstract

The International Criminal Court (ICC), established under the Rome Statute in 2002, stands as the world’s foremost permanent tribunal for prosecuting genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and aggression. However, the Court’s ability to fulfil its mandate is increasingly threatened by financial instability. This paper explores the funding architecture of the ICC, highlighting its dependence on assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. It analyses how delayed payments, donor fatigue, and political influence impair the Court’s effectiveness, particularly in investigations, victim reparations, and outreach. The paper also evaluates the potential of informatics and digital financial tools to promote transparency, reduce inefficiencies, and build donor confidence. Drawing on comparative insights from other international tribunals and institutions, the paper proposes innovative mechanisms to ensure sustainable, impartial funding for the ICC. The analysis underscores that financial autonomy is not merely administrative but fundamental to the delivery of international justice.