AI-Driven Pedagogies and Sustainable Career Pathways: Assessing Students’ Employability Skills through Extended TOE Framework

Abstract

Higher education increasingly emphasizes equipping students with employability skills that foster sustainable career trajectories. In this evolving landscape, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative tool, enhancing both pedagogy and learner outcomes. This study investigates the role of AI-driven pedagogies in shaping students’ employability skills, guided by an Extended Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework that integrates social, technological, organizational, educational, and career-related factors. Quantitative data were collected from 125 students across diverse programs using a validated structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that all proposed factors significantly influence students’ attitudes toward AI-driven learning. Moreover, students’ attitudes strongly predict AI usage, which, in turn, positively impacts employability skill development and supports sustainable career advancement. These results highlight the need for a holistic approach integrating technological infrastructure, institutional support, and socio-educational environments to optimize the benefits of AI in higher education.